目的 研究朱砂及其不同炮制品的显微结构及主、微量元素含量差异,以揭示朱砂炮制的科学内涵。方法 采用热场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、激光粒度分析仪、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对道地产区贵州省铜仁市万山汞矿区朱砂矿物粉末、水飞炮制品、球磨仪湿法研磨炮制品、高温真空蒸馏炮制品及水飞法剩余残渣等不同类型的朱砂粉末进行三维显微结构及主、微量元素含量研究。结果 朱砂炮制前后其显微结构及主、微量元素含量具有明显变化。朱砂水飞后其粒径有所减小且磨圆度变差,球磨后朱砂粒径明显减小,朱砂静置后出现团聚现象。朱砂经过300 ℃真空蒸馏后其粒度略有增加。朱砂经过水飞后其汞(Hg)元素含量由水飞前的71.841%下降为62.906%,硫(S)元素含量无明显变化,氧(O)元素由水飞前的8.721%增加为水飞后的13.279%。朱砂经真空加热后其氧元素含量明显上升,汞元素含量明显下降。朱砂在水飞后其所含的微量元素铬(Cr)、铁(Fe)、铝(Al)、锶(Sr)、锆(Zr)、钡(Ba)、钕(Nd)、铅(Pb)及稀土元素含量明显增加。球磨法研磨后朱砂的微量元素含量与水飞法有类似变化规律,且球磨仪湿法研磨后的朱砂中的锆(Zr)元素含量由2.78 μg·g-1增加为78 586 μg·g-1,扫描电镜下也发现有氧化锆颗粒混入。结论 朱砂及其不同炮制品的显微结构及主微量元素含量差异性较大,其中传统水飞法为朱砂最优炮制方法,朱砂真空蒸馏可为朱砂的炮制提供新的研究思路,球磨仪湿法研磨的朱砂炮制工艺值得进一步商榷。
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the differences of microstructure and contents of main and trace elements in cinnabar and its processed products, so as to reveal the scientific connotation of cinnabar processing. METHODS Using thermal field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser particle size analyzer, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(XRF), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS)of authentic region in Guizhou province including Wanshan mercury zone cinnabar mineral powder, water fly processed products, wet grinding ball mill instrument of processed products, high temperature vacuum distillation processed products and water remaining residue and so on the different types of cinnabar powder fly method for microstructure and the main trace elements content study. RESULTS The microstructure and contents of main and trace elements in cinnabar were significantly changed before and after processing. After water flying, the particle size of cinnabar decreases and the roundness of grinding becomes worse. After ball milling, the particle size of cinnabar decreases obviously, and the agglomeration phenomenon occurs after standing cinnabar. The particle size of cinnabar increases slightly after vacuum distillation at 300 ℃.After water flying, the content of mercury (Hg) in cinnabar decreases from 71.841% before water flying to 62.906%, the content of sulfur (S) does not change significantly, and the content of oxygen (O) increases from 8.721% before water flying to 13.279% after water flying. After vacuum heating, the content of oxygen in cinnabar increases obviously and that of mercury decreases obviously. The contents of trace elements chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), barium (Ba), neodymium (Nd), lead (Pb) and rare earth elements in cinnabar increased obviously after water flying. In addition, the content of Zr increased from 2.78 to 78 586 μg·g-1, and zirconia particles were found to be mixed into the cinnabar by SEM. CONCLUSION The microstructure and contents of main and trace elements of cinnabar and its processed products vary greatly, among which the traditional water-flying method is the best processing method of cinnabar, vacuum distillation of cinnabar can provide a new research idea for the processing of cinnabar, and the processing technology of wet grinding of cinnabar by ball mill is worth further discussing.
关键词
朱砂 /
矿物药 /
中药材 /
炮制 /
可溶性汞 /
微量元素 /
电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) /
增效减毒
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Key words
Cinnabaris /
mineral medicine /
traditional chinese medicinal material /
processing /
soluble mercury /
trace element /
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) /
increasing effect and decreasing toxicity
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中图分类号：
R282
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参考文献
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脚注
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基金
贵州省科技计划项目资助(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]一般514)
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